Trigeminal neuralgia is not only an extremely distressing condition but also a significant public health problem worldwide.
Early studies from the United States (1968) showed that per one million people, approximately 107 men and 200 women are affected. Each year in the United States, about 15,000 new cases are diagnosed.
More recent data from Minnesota indicate an incidence of approximately 4.3 per 100,000 population per year. British studies show even higher rates, up to 27 per 100,000.
Women are affected nearly twice as often as men. The disease typically appears between the ages of 40 and 60.
Unfortunately, risk increases significantly with age. People over 70 have an incidence of approximately 25 per 100,000 population.
In Europe, trigeminal neuralgia affects approximately 0.16–0.3% of the population. This means the disease is more common than one might expect, and the number of new cases increases with age.
Interestingly, approximately 5% of cases have a familial basis. In some families, multiple members are affected, suggesting genetic predisposition.
Trigeminal neuralgia can also occur in people with other conditions:
- in patients with herpes zoster, which damages the trigeminal nerve (especially in those over 60, where more than half may develop postherpetic neuralgia),
- in patients with multiple sclerosis (2–5% of these patients), although treatment in these cases is often more challenging.
The pain of trigeminal neuralgia is piercing, sudden, and can be triggered by even a gentle touch, brushing teeth, or a gust of air. It can significantly reduce quality of life, which is why prompt, accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are essential.
Natalia — since 2014 I've been living with trigeminal nerve pain. I write in plain language, based on reliable sources and personal experience. Read my story →
Frequently Asked Questions
What is trigeminal neuralgia?
Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic facial pain condition. It manifests as sudden, severe, usually one-sided pain attacks — often described as an electric shock. A single attack typically lasts from a few seconds to about two minutes.
What is postherpetic neuralgia?
This is chronic nerve pain following shingles (herpes zoster), resulting from nerve damage caused by the virus. It is a distinct condition and can be challenging to treat.
Which doctor should I see for facial pain?
First, see a neurologist. If surgery is being considered, a neurosurgeon. If a dental cause is suspected, it is also worth ruling it out with a dentist.
Can trigeminal neuralgia be cured?
In many people, pain can be effectively controlled with medications or procedures, and MVD provides the most durable results in eligible patients. The course varies — with periods of remission and relapse. Decisions are made together with your doctor.
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